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Comparative analysis on Cyber- Crimes

Review Article, C50

Najafi Y., Inanloo A. Radmehr S, and Jahani Z.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 394-400, 2013

ABSTRACT: So far legislators from several countries have purposed many definitions for cyber- crime but they have not yet achieved international consensus over this definition. This is due to several factors out of which those paramount ones are user’s different level and exploitation from Information Technology in several countries. On the other hand, difference in criminal law system within various countries may serve as further reason and it causes on the other hand different reactions from several legal systems arises against a novel phenomenon. Overall, cyber-crime is unallowed use of cybernetic technology in order to access private sensitive information as well as confidential information from organizations. Basically, the extent of impact of those crimes which are committed in cyberspace is wider than traditional crimes and they will create more damages as well to the great extent. By casting a comparative and interdisciplinary glance at the newly approved concerning to cyber- crimes, this brief essay tries to purpose an eclectic definition from cyber crimes based on the aforesaid attitudes and remove some theme- and content – related ambiguities in this regard and imply briefly about types of cyber-crimes and classification of the content- related crimes in cyberspace.
Key words: Computer-related Crimes, Criminalization, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Criminal Content- Cyber Crimes, Cyberspace, Content- related Crime

Study of Rumination and Locus of Control Roles in Depression of Female Employees of the University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

Original Research, C51

Mohammadi K., Zarei E., Chaleshgar M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 401-404, 2013

ABSTRACT: Depression is a phenomenon that is considered to be one of the most complicated issues of mental health in today’s world. According to the latest estimations, about 2% of people experience one or more episodes of depression during their life time. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental rumination and locus of control in female staff in the University of Medical Sciences, Rasht in the year 2012. This research was a correlational study, and the sample consisted of 367 employees who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The variables were measured by Beck depression questionnaire and Rotter’s locus of control scale in rumination style. The results of the study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the two variables “rumination and locus of control” and depression. The results also indicated that rumination and locus of control have high potential in predicting depression, so that people with more rumination and external locus of control are more depressed than the other ones. Findings also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between rumination and external locus of control.
Key words: Rumination, Locus of control, Depression, Female employees. 

The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on learning styles (Kolb Model) in Smart Secondary Schools in Qom Province

Original Research, C52

Jangholi F.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 405-409, 2013

ABSTRACT: The current study is intended to investigate into the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Learning Styles (Kolb Model) for students in Smart Secondary Schools at Qom Province, Iran. This survey is of semi- empirical type along with pre-test and post-test. Sample Group of this study was selected by means of Morgan’s Sample Size Table and calculation of loss coefficient with 353 participants via simple random technique; due to limited number of teacher, full- counting method was adopted to compute sample size. All students and their teachers from 5 urban regions answered to Kolb Learning Style Inventory (KLSI-2005) at pre-test stage. After 3 months and through adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the questionnaire was again distributed between statistical samples and gathered after responding. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were utilized (including dependent t-test, Cramer’s V- Willcoxon Signed Rank Test). Research findings showed that application of ICT has changed mean scores of students in learning by means of Concrete Experience (CE) and Abstract Conceptualization (AC) at post- test stage (p<0.05); however, it had no significant effect on scores of Reflective Observation (RO) and Active Experimentation (AE) (p>0.05). Findings came from review of the impact of using ICT on divergent and convergent, assimilator and accommodator learning styles indicated that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has managed to modify learning styles in students at post- test stage. Thus, it may be concluded that one can modify students’ learning styles by means of ICT.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Smart Schools, Learning Styles, Kolb’s Method of Learning, Students

Analysis of the Relationship between Accounting Conservatism and Capital Structure of Companies Registered with Tehran Stock Exchange

Original Research, C53

Talebbeydokhti A., Tamimi M. and Papi E.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 410-413, 2013

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research is to study the relationship between accounting conservatism and capital structure of companies registered with Tehran Stock Exchange. Conservatism was measured using the Ball and Shivakumar (2005) model. Criteria for assessment of capital structures were the ratio of debt to equity and the ratio of debt to total assets. The research control variable was also company size. In order to examine the research hypotheses and study the relationship between conservatism and independent variables data on 100 companies registered with Tehran Stock Exchange, which formed the statistical population, were used. The data, which belonged to years 2006 to 2011, was analyzed using the combined data analysis method. In order to estimate suitable models for studying hypotheses in combined data analysis the Chav and Hausman tests were used. Research results indicate an inverse relationship between conservative accounting and capital structure (ratio of debt to equity and ratio of debt to total assets) in companies under study.
Key words: Accounting Conservatism, Capital Structure, Debt Ratio, Altman Model.

The Influence of Institutional Ownership on Growth Opportunities and Dividend Policies

Original Research, C54

Talebbeydokhti A., Tamimi M. and Papi E.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 414-417, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present research aims at studying the relationship between accounting conservatism and bankruptcy risk for the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Altman index is applied to measure bankruptcy risk and Ball and Shivakumar model is used to quantify conservatism. The data related to 100 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange - as statistical samples during 2006-2011 period - were analyzed through combined data analysis method for testing research hypotheses and studying the relationship between conservatism and the dependent variables. Chow and Hausman tests were used to estimate the suitable models for testing hypotheses in the combined data. The results indicate that there is a reversed relationship between accounting conservatism and bankruptcy risk of the companies under study.
Key words: Accounting Conservatism, Bankruptcy Risk-Debit Ratio, Altman Model.

A Review of Barriers' Transfer and Knowledge Sharing

Original Research, C55

Talebi B., Mahmoudiaslzade H., Pakdelbonab M. and Jesarati A.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 418-427, 2013

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present research was the reviewing of the barriers transfer and the knowledge sharing in Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company. To do the purpose, nine hypotheses designed and tested. The research methodology was descriptive and the statistical survey involved the all company managers, supervisors and personnel. The sampling was calculated by the using of the Cochran Formula of 354 people and was selected by the people relative stratified random sampling method. It was used a questionnaire to collect the necessary data for the research hypotheses testing. It was used tables, graphs and central indicators and dispersion for the data descriptive analysis and used t-test for the analytical hypotheses. The results showed the human resources management areas, the physical resources, communication, the organizational culture, the managers' role of the organization, job security and time could be as the barriers transfer and the knowledge sharing in this company.
Key words: Knowledge Transfer, Knowledge Share, Knowledge Management, Organizational Management.

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC), as a tool for evaluation of organizational strategies

Original Research, C56

Khorshidi A., Mastaneh Z. and Javidkar M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 428-435, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present study analyzes Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool to evaluate organizational strategies. This investigation is intended to give answers to the questions relating to creation of balanced scorecard, it main performance, perspectives of balanced scorecard and envelop each of its dimensions and application field of this tool. This study is of applied type in terms of goals, and qualitative in terms of data, and it is librarian in terms of nature and kind of study. With recognizing the necessity for a performance management comprehensive system that could integrate traditional quantitative and more abstract qualitative parameters of performance, Kaplan and Norton developed the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Balanced Scorecard is a comprehensive evaluation framework of performance, which characterizes organizational strategies and through identifying the relevant operation for each of strategies and by evaluation of performance, examines the rate achieving the aforesaid strategies from 4 aspects i.e. financial perspective, customer perspective, internal processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective. Thus, this question may be raised in financial perspective: Which efforts should be made to achieve financial success? In customer perspective, this question should be answered that: How to display us before customers’ vision in order to achieve organizational outlook? We should respond to this question in internal processes perspective: On which of internal processes should an organization focused further to meet shareholders and customers’ satisfaction? ...
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Evaluation, Organizational Strategies, Financial Perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal Processes Perspective, Growth and Learning Perspective.

The relationship between teachers’ Emotional Intelligence with their female students’ educational achievement in sixth grade at primary schools

Original Research, C57

Khorshidi A., Rashidi Z., Eftekharzadeh S.F.  and Tarkhan F.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 436-441, 2013

ABSTRACT: The current article has reviewed the relationship between Emotional Intelligence in teachers with educational achievement of their female students in sixth grade at primary schools at Tehran City based on teachers’ viewpoint. To select sample group, 296 teachers were chosen by means of simple randomized sampling technique. The measurement tool for emotional intelligence is Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire with 33 questions and for variable of educational achievement in students, average or mean scores of lessons among students was used in each classroom. The reliability value of measurement tools was calculated by Cronbach Alpha coefficient as 0.76 in this test. Validity of tools was examined by means of face validity. Then, data were analyzed by correlation tests and stepwise regression where the results of correlation indicated that the variables of self- regulation and self- motivation had positive and significant relationship with educational achievement. Also results of stepwise regression showed that educational achievement is interpreted by variable of self- regulation
Key words: Emotional Intelligence (EI), Self- motivation, Empathy, Social Skill, Self- Awareness, Self- Regulation, Educational Achievement.

Original Research, C58

Moradi S.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 442-446, 2013

ABSTRACT: School leaders across the world are exploring ways to better train students and develop school performance. In this sense, they should also have the capacity to conform to the changing range of SBM and should be ready to respond to central innovations as these may be determined from time to time at the province, state, national, or district levels. This article started with introducing school-based management reform, which is one of the strategies that to reform and change the education system in the world in the past two decades. A review of SBM policy showed that this system causes more efficiency and effectiveness of schools and empowering principals, teachers and student’s academic achievements, and also more participation of sympathetic people in education. Discussion continued to introducing the emergence and extent of SBM around the world and also in Iran content and presenting conceptual framework.
Key words: School-Based Management, SBM policy, Teacher

An analysis on Sunshade Management in the organization

Original Research, C59

Khorshidi A., Hashemi N. and Javidkar M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(3): 3(4): 447-454, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present article analyzes Sunshade Management in organizations. This study is mainly intended to give answers to some questions including: How sunshade management penetrates into organization? What is the method of sunshade management? What are the characteristics of organizations in which sunshade management is executed? Which are symbols of sunshade management? What is the solution for tackling with sunshade management in organization? Methodology of the current study is of applied type in terms of objectives, qualitative in terms of data, and librarian type in terms of nature and technique. Its population comprises of librarian and internet sources with 12 books and 4 internet essays as samples. Sampling technique is of informative type, measurement tool is librarian form with qualitative analysis method. The findings showed that sunshade management influence in the organization by managing and direct dominance over the manager and through penetration into one of the subordinate ranks and creation of an informal manager in the organization (question 1). Notifying directives, lack of control on personnel, following up personal goals, and affectation etc. are some of sunshade management techniques (question 2). Some signs and characteristics of sunshade management include chump- choosing, rearing hypocrites, and criminality of knowledge, reduced productivity, and brain drain of talents from organization (question 3). Unfairly exploitation from manpower, tendency to passivity, inflexibility, affectation, promotional slogans, and familial managements are some of features of those organizations in which sunshade management is enforced (question 4). Some symbols of sunshade management are powerful and influential person or persons, political and informal groups and the countries with political, military, and economic powers (question 5). The solution for tackling with sunshade management in organization is to utilize sunlight in the given organization (question 6). This study suffers from some constraints like research tools and sample. So it is also suggested to deal with advantages of sunshade management in organizations rather than removing the aforesaid limitations.    
Key words: Sunshade Management, Management Metaphors (Allusions), Allusion of Mushroom Management, Metaphor of Wet Blankets Management.

Original Research, C60

Abedini B., Ranjbar MH. And Sanjari Maijani A.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 455-464, 2013

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study is to study the relationship between managers’ compensation and earnings in companies. It is a causal-analytic library survey which is based on the analysis of panel data. In this research the financial information on 112 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2010 is analyzed. It shall be mentioned that 560 companies were listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange each year. The SPSS 20, EVIEWS 7 and MINITAB 16 software were used for analyzing the research results. Results of the study of the research hypothesis indicated that there is a significant direct relationship between managers’ compensation and earnings.
Key words: Managers’ Compensation, Earnings Fluctuations, Panel Data.

Original Research, C61

Naghsh s., Foroughi Abari A. and ShafeiPour Motlaq F.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 465-471, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present essay has studied on the relationship among students’ educational creativity and their educational self-actualization. To select sample group, multi- stage randomized cluster sampling method was adapted to choose 382 participants. In this investigation, measurement tools were creativity questionnaire made by Abedi including dimensions of fluidity, elaboration, originality, and flexibility, and also educational self- actualization standardized questionnaire that comprised of sixteen questions. Reliability of measurement tool was calculated by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient where this value was 0.74 for creativity and 0.80 for self- actualization. Validity of both tools was examined by face validity technique. Then, data were analyzed by means of correlation tests and step-wise regression. The results of correlation indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship among variables of fluidity, elaboration, originality, and flexibility with educational self- actualization. Also the results came from stepwise regression showed that educational self- actualization is interpreted by variables of fluidity, elaboration, originality, and flexibility.
Key words: Educational Creativity, Fluidity, Elaboration, Originality, Flexibility, Educational Self- actualization.

Original Research, C62

Mirsaidi G. and Yaghoubi M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 472-476, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present study is prepared by aiming at investigation into the relationship among Quality of Working Life (QWL) and job satisfaction in members of academic fellowship from Islamic Azad University (IAU). The statistical population in this survey includes all members of academic fellowship from Islamic Azad University, Noor and Sari Branches where the statistical sample has been selected from these participants in Sari University by means of simple randomized technique while the respondents were chosen in Noor University with respect to the low quantity of members in this population via adoption of census method. The methodology of this study is of descriptive- survey via correlation type. To gather information, librarian sources were used and questionnaire was utilized as measurement tool in field study. Also in information analysis for data description, mean and standard deviation etc. were adopted while in inferential section of this analysis, one- group t- test, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis and ANOVA were used. The results indicated that there is a positive significant relationship among quality of working life and job satisfaction. In general, the rate of quality of working life is higher than average level in Islamic Azad Universities of Sari and Noor Branches and this level was assessed as appropriate and the rate of job satisfaction variable was evaluated at average and lower level among members of academic fellowship in IAU Sari University and job satisfaction rate was assessed at high level in members of academic fellowship from IAU Noor University and totally the rate of job satisfaction was evaluated at average level among members of academic fellowship from IAU both branches. Similarly, the studies showed that there is a positive significant relationship between variables of quality of working life and job satisfaction where the variables of development of human capabilities, social integration and assimilation within work organization, and social dependence of working life on quality of working life have played greater role in job satisfaction among members of academic fellowship.
Key words: Quality of Working Life (QWL), Job Satisfaction, Members of Academic Fellowship.

Original Research, C63

Haghani M., Chitsaz E., Lotfi A. and Abadi M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 477-482, 2013

ABSTRACT: The current study is generally intended to study on role of 5S system in learning enrichment of girls’ high schools from Area No 5 at Tehran city from viewpoint of teachers. This investigation is of applied type from its objective aspect and it is of descriptive- survey based on methodology. Statistical population of this study comprises of all high school teachers, who were employed in area No 5 at Tehran city, i.e. totally 1483 participants. Sample size was computed according to Morgan’s table as 377 respondents that were chosen by means of simple randomized sampling technique. Data collection tool, which used for this study, was 40- question standardized questionnaire where its scoring range was based on LIKERT Scale. To examine questionnaire reliability, Cronbach Alpha Coefficient Test was adopted. The value of questionnaire’s validation is 0.94. In data analysis section, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test was initially utilized. With respect to abnormality of data, Chi- Square Non- Parametric Test and Friedman Test were adopted to test study hypotheses. Results of this study indicated that all components of 5s System play role in improvement of learning at high schools; however, with respect to Friedman test, it has been shown that in terms of order preference, these five elements are ranked respectively as follows: Shine (S3), then Sort (S1), Standardization (S4), Set (S2), and Sustain (S5).
Keywords: 5S System, Schools Learning Enrichment.

Original Research, C64

Mohammadi B., Beshlideh K., Shaikhshabani E. And NaamiA.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 483-486, 2013

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between proactive personalities, organizational culture, Conscientious, management supports with proactive behavior. The sample of this study was 260 Bid Boland gas refinery workers that selected by simple random manner. To assess the variables proactive behavior scale. The results of regression analysis showed that proactive personality, Conscientious, Perceived Supervisor Supportplayed a major role in predicting proactive behavior (F= 77.879, P< 0.00). The results of Regression analysis showed that predictive variables determine around 63 percent of criterion variable.
Keywords: Proactive Personality, Organizational Culture, Conscientious, Perceived Supervisor Support, Proactive Behavior, Gas Refinery Workers.

Original Research, C65

Hejazi E., Naghsh Z., Moghadam A and Sharifi Saki SH.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 487-491, 2013

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure and validity of an Iranian translation of the Future Orientation Questionnaire. For this end, 357 high school students (164 males and 193 females) were chosen by stratified sampling and filled out the Future Orientation questionnaire (FOQ). To evaluate validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. Explanatory factor analysis revealed a clear three-component structure of future orientation questionnaire consisting behavioral, motivational and cognitive components in the overall sample. Also, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that there was a three-factor structure consisting academic, career and marriage orientations with a higher order factor (future orientation). To evaluate reliability of this instrument, Cronbach's Alpha was used. Internal consistent of subscales and general factor of future orientation was proper. The findings suggest that the Iranian version of the Future Orientation Questionnaire is a useful tool for assessing adolescents’ future orientation.
Keywords: Future Orientation Scale, Factorial Structure, Explanatory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Examining entrepreneurship indexes condition of agriculture students of Islamic Azad University

Original Research, C66

Valaei sharif H., Ghanizadeh Garaeli M. and soltani F.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 492-495, 2013

ABSTRACT: The present study did with examining goal of entrepreneurship indexes between students of Islamic Azad university of Damghan. Studied statistics society was formed from all agriculture students of this university unit. The statistics sample was done via the simple random sampling and the statistics sample volume was obtained 324 persons regarding to Morgan table. A questionnaire consisting of 42 questions with Likert classification was used in order to collect needed information. Its content currency was confirmed by polling from experts. In addition, Cronbach's alpha calculation method was used in order to estimate the internal similarity between questions and components that results of questionnaire Alfa coefficient (0.84) was obtained. Results of using the test tone group in the meaningful level (p< 0.01) indicated that entrepreneurship indexes exist in the middle level between students of Islamic Azad university Damghan unit.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, University Students.

Effectiveness of Ellis Marriage Therapy Training (Rational-Emotional-Behavioral Approach) on Decreasing Marital Conflict s of Spouses in Bandar Abbas

Original Research, C67

Zareie E., Sadeghifard M. and Adli M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 496-499, 2013

ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Ellis marriage therapy training on decreasing marital conflict s among spouses. It is a semi-experimental, test-pretest study that uses a control group. The sample consisted of 30 spouses who had visited marriage consulting centers of Bandar Abbas in 2012, and were randomly grouped into control and study groups. The data was collected using marital conflict s questionnaire. Co-variance was used in order to analyses the data. The results obtained in this study indicated that marital conflict s between spouses decreased after training.
Keywords: Ellis Marriage Therapy, Spouses, Marital Conflicts.

Content Analysis of Textbooks in Pre-Occupational Course (Secondary School) for Students with Intellectual Disability Emphasizing on Attention to the Skills of Gardner`s Multiple Intelligences

Original Research, C68

Sharifi V., Faramarzi S., Aghababaei S  and  Taghipour javan A.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 500-507, 2013

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to analyze the content of textbooks in pre-occupational course (secondary school) for students with intellectual disability emphasizing on attention to the skills of Gardner`s multiple intelligences. The research method was content analysis. Therefore, with using entire sampling books of all Pre-occupational students with intellectual disability (27 volumes) were analyzed. Categorization system and encryption of variables and sub-variables - which their validity and reliability have been approved - were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square method. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the educational level and different books of pre-occupational course in terms of attention to the multiple intelligences (P< 0.0001). According to these findings it can be concluded that there is not a systematic process at the rate of attention to the teaching of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences in various books of pre-occupational course.
Keywords: Achievement Motivation, Ambiguity Tolerance, Entrepreneurship, Students.

Relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction on School teachers in Kermanshah

Original Research, C69

Ghasemi A., Mehdizadeh A., Arefi M. and Darabi M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 508-513, 2013

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction of teachers in secondary schools of Kermanshah. This research is based on descriptive study, the tool for data collection is questionnaire, In order to assess the quality of work life, questionnaire with 27 questions based on Walton model, to measure job satisfaction and Ruth Bradfield questionnaire with 18 questions were used. Questionnaire reliability and quality of work life = 0.79, Reliability of Job satisfaction = 0.82, respectively, and since both alpha scales are more than 0.7; Both questionnaires had a sufficient reliability. Population size is978school teachers in Kermanshah. Based on stratified proportional sampling, 146 persons were selected as a sample. To determine the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Spearman correlation was the primary method of data analysis used to test the framework. The hypotheses considered were confirmed in this study. The results indicate that if the quality of life improves, the job satisfaction will also increase.
Keywords: Work life, Job satisfaction, Teacher.

Relationships between married adults' attachment styles and sexual and relationship satisfaction

Original Research, C70

Raeisipoor Z.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 514-519, 2013

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between married adults' attachment styles and their levels of sexual and relationship satisfaction. The research design was a descriptive correlation, and the study sample included 480 married people (240 men and 240 women) with at least 6 months from the time they were living together.  Employing the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) scales, The Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), Physical Satisfaction Scale (PSS), the current study yielded statistically significant results and supported all of the research hypotheses .Results indicated that sexual and relationship satisfaction was predicted by attachment styles. Specifically, insecure individuals are more likely to feel significantly less satisfaction from their sexual and relationships than their secure counterparts.
Keywords:: Married adult, Attachment styles, Sexual and relationships.

The relationship between profitability and intellectual capital by using public and Huang & Wang for companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Original Research, C71

Hajmohammadi M, Ahadi Serkani SY and Ranjbar M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 520-524, 2013

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between intellectual capital and profitability models of Huang and Wang and Paulic in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2007 to 2011. So, after reviewing literature review of this field of study, needed data from financial statements of 82 companies are extracted. Then by obtained data, we evaluate the regression model to explain the variable effects of intellectual capital. The results show that both interfaces of intellectual capital are a significant positive relationship with corporate profitability.
Keyword: Intellectual Capital, Profitability, Huang and Wang Model, Paulic Model

 Mixed Methods Research: A New Paradigm In Educational Research

Original Research, C72

Zandvanian A and Daryapoor E.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 525-531, 2013

ABSTRACT: Mixed methods are the third paradigm of educational research. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are considered in mixed methods research. The quantitative paradigm is influenced by positivism and qualitative paradigm is under the influence of hermeneutics, critical theory, and post-structuralism, but philosophical foundation for mixed methods research is pragmatism. Therefore, educational researchers can benefit from positive features of qualitative and quantitative research. In mixed methods, researchers collect, analyze and integrate qualitative and quantitative data. Since quantitative research takes statistical methods, experimental and quasi-experimental design, therefore its findings have the power of prediction and generalization. In contrast, qualitative research findings can understand the underlying layers of social phenomenon. Therefore, the supporters of mixed methods research are trying to design research that will have both precision and depth. In data collection, researchers must decide about the values of each quantitative and qualitative approach respectively (equal or dominant) and their time order (concurrent or sequential). In data analysis stage, the researchers can use statistical techniques and descriptive - analytical methods. Then researchers can use triangulation to confirm the validity of research findings and prepare the final research report. The authors believe that educational research findings should possess three features: a) The findings must be able to be generalized to most students; b) The findings must be able to deeply study the social context and the human relations in schools; c) The findings will be able to show a significant link between educational theory and practice and also help to solve the educational problems.
Keywords: Educational Research, Quantitative & Qualitative Methods, Mixed Paradigm

Original Research, C73

Naghsh Z., Moghadam A., Naghsh S. and Tarkhan R.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 532-539, 2013

ABSTRACT: The current study is aimed at review on the relationship among mathematics and some students’ level variables and school as well as variance percent in each of levels in interpretation of mathematics performance. For this purpose, some data were used, which have been gathered based on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS, 2007) from students in fourth grade, in Iran. This analysis is focused on an Iranian sample including 3981 students (1786 females and 2195 males). The employed variables in this analysis have been selected at two levels: Student’s level (gender, socio- economic status, attitude, and self- concept) and level used at school (parental involvement, school climate, and teaching process). In order to discover the relationship among mathematics performance and analysis predictors, Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) was utilized. The results indicated that all variables of gender, socio- economic status, self- concept, and attitude are significantly related to mathematics performance at student’s level; however, there was no significant relationship among variable of parental involvement and mathematics performance. Similarly, the findings suggest that in comparison with variable of students’ variables, variable of school level may predict greater variance than educational performance.   
Keywords: Socio- Economic Status, Attitude, Self- Concept, Parental Involvement, School Climate, Teaching Process, TIMSS 2007, Hierarchical Linear Models (Multi- level Techniques)

Original Research, C74

Garavand S. Falahchay S.R. and, Zarei E.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 540-545, 2013

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compare the value orientation of high school students in vicinity 1 and their parents in Bandar Abbas.  The statistical population consisted of high school students and their parents in the 2012-2013 school year from which, a sample of 350 students with their parents, were selected by multistage random sampling.  To measure understudy variables, Schwartz value structure questionnaire (SVS) was used. For data analysis, Spss software and variance analysis methods were used.  The results showed that among four value system readiness for change, conservatism, self-improvement and self-transcendence, Schwartz values in the case of readiness to change, had significant differences between parents and students.
Key words: Value orientation, Students, Parent

Original Research, C75

Asadi, F. Mehdizadeh, A. and Khorshidi, A.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 546-554, 2013

ABSTRACT: The current survey is a descriptive plan that has studied the relationship among Organizational Climate and entrepreneurship in teachers from work- knowledge- based technical high schools in Qods Township. This research is intended to find the relationship among organizational climate and entrepreneurship in teachers from work- knowledge technical high schools in Qods Township. This study is of applied type in terms of goals and it is a survey from the aspect of data collection and it is done based on correlation method in terms of data analysis. The studied population in this survey is all teachers from work- knowledge- based technical high schools throughout Qods Township including 132 participants among of them 100 (50 male and 50 female teachers) out of total 132 participants are the official teachers who have been employed in work- knowledge- based technical high schools throughout Qods Township in academic year 2012 and they have been elected by simple randomized method and based on determination of sample space from H.S. Bola Table and they answered to questions about research hypotheses via Entrepreneurship Questionnaire prepared by Ahmadpour Dariani with 30 questions and Stern and Steinhoff’s Organizational Climate Index (OCI) Inventory including 20 questions. Validity of this questionnaire was confirmed based on Face Validity by acquiring the comments from the respected experts and professors while reliability of both questionnaires was computed by means of Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient as 79% (organizational climate) and 84% (entrepreneurship) in the previous studies. Then their results were evaluated after statistical analysis by means of SPSS software. In addition to statistical descriptive technique for data definition, drawing frequency distribution tables, statistical characteristic tables and outlining diagrams in this study, some other statistical methods were adopted for data analysis including correlation t- test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression where the results derived from this survey were as follows: The constituent elements of organizational climate, including intellectual climate (activity), achievement standards, organizational effectiveness, personal dignity (supportiveness), orderliness, and impulse control (uniformity) have direct and significant relation with entrepreneurship among teachers so this reflects that the aforesaid factors have positive and significant impact on entrepreneurship in teachers. Furthermore, rate of entrepreneurship in male teachers is greater than in female teachers.   
Keywords: Organizational Climate, Entrepreneurship, Work- Knowledge- Based Technical High School

Original Research, C76

Mahmoodi, M. Zarei, E. and Askarii, M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 555-558, 2013

ABSTRACT: This research was aimed at studying the relationship between attachment patterns and conduct disorder. The research method was descriptive-correlative. The statistical community included all 9-11-year-old students in Bandar Abbas City Iran which was a total of 7432 members. Here, the simple random sampling was used to choose an introducing sample for the community, and also to increase measurement accuracy. Regarding the community size, the sample size was calculated 365 members using Cochran formula. The data collection tools were the Questionnaire of Children Borderline Symptoms (CSI 4) and the Attachment Patterns Questionnaire. Pearson's Correlation Index and regression index statistical tests were applied using SPSS software. The results of hypothesis analysis indicated that the disorganized and resistant attachment patterns had the highest and the secure and then the avoiding patterns had the list prediction power in conduct disorder.
Key words: Conduct Disorder, Attachment Patterns, Students

The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Achievement Motivation and Life Satisfaction of Students

Original Research, C77

Lak, Z. Rajabi, S. Moazedian, A. Pournikdast, S. and Sabetimani, M.

J. Educ. Manage. Stud., 3(4): 559-563, 2013

ABSTRACT: Since a considerable part of students’ lives are spent at school, a huge contribution is made by the schools to education and training of the students. The study has sought to assess the effectiveness of Life Skills Training on students’ Achievement Motivation and their Life Satisfaction. This experimental project has run pre and post-testing on the Control Group. The sample consisted of 40 sophomore male students who studied in Ardabil high school during the school year 2011-2012, who were selected in a random multi-stage fashion and split into two groups of 20; a Control Group (n=20) and an experimental group (n=20). A questionnaire on Achievement Motivation and a brief multidimensional Life Satisfaction scale was used in order to collect data. The experimental group were given 8 sessions of Life Skills Training during a month. The data was analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). As Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated, Life Skills Training motivated the students towards achievement and progress and increased their Life Satisfaction (P<0.001). The outcome and conclusion of the research has important implications for students regarding education and counseling services.
Keyword: Life Skills, Achievement Motivation, Life Satisfaction